An Issue Of Human Genetic Engineering - Free Essay Example

With an increased awareness of the human footprint being left on Earth, there has been a shift in many science fields to find ways to improve sustainability. Following the 1987 Brundtland Report, sustainability was defined and categorized into three parts. According to this report, sustainability is the development of services and methods to meet the needs of the present but these developments do not impede future generations from meeting their needs. For the study of biology and ecology, developing methods to improve sustainability is necessary to maintain diverse and productive ecosystems for both present and future generations. If emphasis is not placed on sustainability, serious consequences to the ecosystem will result.   Resources of the present will be depleted, leaving a future with destroyed ecosystems and life struggling to exist. It is imperative that the fields of ecology and biology focus on sustainability in order to ensure that life on Earth is able to maintain a state of homeostasis and future generations are able to meet their needs.   Sustainability can be classified into three different areas; environmental, social and economic (United Nations, 1987). Environmental sustainability requires that the amount of environmental resources used is less than or equivalent to the rate at which these resources can be regenerated (Basiago, 1999). This concept implies that there must be limits to the amount of resources being used at a given time. Forecasting the current and future needs of the society allows for the determination of how much of the natural resources are needed and what percentage of this can be met before exceeding the rate of regeneration. From this information, biological and ecological sciences have looked to develop methods that can fill in the gaps.   One example is shifting the primary source of energy from natural gas, which is a limited resource and nearly impossible to regenerate, to renewable energy, which is near limitless and easily regenerated. These renewable energy sources include solar and wind power.  Ã‚   Economic sustainability is interlinked with environmental sustainability. In order to achieve economic sustainability, predefined economic levels must be met but not at the expense of depleting natural resources for future generations. These economic levels allow humans to meet their mo st basic needs (i.e. the income of the population allows for individuals to purchase needed goods such as food and clothing) (United Nations, 1987).   Social sustainability looks to provide all individuals basic rights and freedoms and for all to have the opportunity to improve their lives. This means that all cultures, races, and religions are treated equally and political systems do not take advantage of the citizens.   Through research in biology and ecology, economic, environmental, and social sustainability are continuing to become more feasible and these improvements are allowing for resources to be maintained for future generations (United Nations, 1987). Human genetic engineering is one area of biological research that can help attain and maintain social sustainability. This area of sustainability looks to ensure that all humans are able to achieve their most basic needs and have the opportunity to improve their social situation. However, there are those who are genetically disfavored to be able to meet this level of sustainability.   Whether due to disease, low intelligence, or a predisposition to addiction, there exis t some humans that will inhibit the achievement of social sustainability. Through human genetic engineering, these genetic obstacles can be altered to allow for individuals to no longer suffer from conditions that prevent them from meeting their basic social needs thus allowing society as a whole to achieve social sustainability.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human evolution will be positively impacted by human genetic engineering. According to an article in The Institute of Clinical Investigation, A new wave of technology that is variously termed gene editing, genome editing, or genome engineering has emerged to address this demand by giving investigators the ability to precisely and efficiently introduce a variety of genetic alterations into mammalian cells, ranging from knockin of single nucleotide variants to insertion of genes to deletion of chromosomal regions(Gupta, Musunru 2014). In 2012, CRISPR was developed which has the potential to eradicate genetic diseases. This form of technology cuts out a targeted DNA sequence and replaces it with a corrected sequence. The modified DNA is able to be replicated within the individual and passed onto future generations (Specter, 2016). CRISPR stands for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (NIH). In the scientific community, CRISPR holds a large magnitude of promise to h elp in the eradication of genetic diseases and disorders. The idea CRISPR came from bacteria and how their defense system works against viruses. Essentially, the bacteria takes a picture of the DNA from the invading virus. The bacteria then produces repeats (copies) in their DNA and when a virus comes in contact with the bacteria again, it uses an enzyme called Cas9 to take apart the invading viruses DNA (NIH). This ultimately obliterates the virus. This process inspired scientists to use this same concept in humans. In humans, the process of CRISPR and Cas9 is similar to that of bacteria. Scientists are able to select the area of DNA that needs to be edited. They achieve this by inserting a specific guide dna that matches with the area of dna to be removed. This guide DNA forms a system with the Cas9 enzyme. The enzyme then cuts cuts the area of DNA and the section of replacement DNA is then inserted (Youtube video). The genius behind Cas9 and CRISPR is that these technologies targ et only specific dna segments. Whereas, in other treatment procedures, the whole body can have adverse effects from the treatment. In addition, the CRISPR procedure, theoretically, could be done in an outpatient setting. Outpatient procedures are more comfortable for patients because they are sent home once their procedure is complete. Whereas in a hospital setting, the conditions are not as comfortable as ones own home. A study was done in Italy on the social sustainability in health care facilities. They found that hospitals provide a mixed environment for patients. An environment where people come to get better, and the employees are there to work (Capolongo, S G, Marco,D., Nickolova,M Nachiero, Dario,Rebecchi, Settimo, Gaetano,Vittori, G Buffoli, Maddalena, 2016). They stated the following: coming to hospital is an occasional, very intense event and an unexpected public and institutionalised experience in which the patient has to live for a specific period; whereas, for hospital staff, it is a demanding and c ontinuous workplace(Capolongo, S G, Marco,D., Nickolova,M Nachiero, Dario,Rebecchi, Settimo, Gaetano,Vittori, G Buffoli, Maddalena, 2016) Essentially, by having more technologically advanced medical procedures (potentially, such as CRISPR) done in an outpatient setting, we produce an overall higher well-being for society (Capolongo, S G, Marco,D., Nickolova,M Nachiero, Dario,Rebecchi, Settimo, Gaetano,Vittori, G Buffoli, Maddalena, 2016). Patients are able to live a more normal, happy life, opposed to being confined to hospital walls. CRISPR and Cas9 would give patients the ability to change how they receive care. Ultimately,   with the ability to pass these changes onto future generations, human evolution will result in the eradication of genetic diseases.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The moral and social ramifications of human genetic engineering have been heavily debated by scientists over the past two decades. Many who oppose the idea of altering ones gene code predict that parents will begin to think of their children as products produced by manufacturers that are the scientists. According to Nick Bostrom of Oxford University in his paper called Human Genetic Enhancements: A Transhumanist Perspective, opposers also believe that the enhancing of the genetic code to eradicate disabilities, will intensify the already existing prejudice against people with disabilities. These concerns should be considered, however they are paranoid speculations with no basis from recent available correlations. For example, when new biological engineering came about to alleviate problems caused by infertility, ie in vitro fertilization, or embryo screening, it was not interpreted by the common population as morally unjust (Bostrom 2004). In the same way these methods improve the likelihood of a fetus growing, human genetic engineering improves likelihood that that fetus is healthy. Another concern raised by opposers are the negative social impacts that could be introduced as a result of widespread human genetic engineering. One such concern includes increased prejudice against non-perfect people, because technically their problem could have been fixed as an embryo. While human genetic engineering does not promise a utopian society, free of bias and prejudice, it can help alleviate these social issues by reminding the general public that if someone has an abnormality, it is not as a result of their upbringing or status, but rather the result of a typo in their genetic makeup (Bostrom 2004). This can actually make society more tolerable and understanding towards those with disabilities, even after many have had their genetic makeup changed. Opponents to human genetic engineering have sighted concerns with altering the genome of the human germ line. In the Nature article, Dont Edit the Human Germ Line, the authors focus on editing the germ line within an embryo. Changes within the embryo germ line may not be effective because the removed DNA may not be made on both target strands or the cells may begin to divide before the corrections are complete. However, the effects of these incomplete changes would not be known until after birth.   There could be harmful consequences to this embryo as it ultimately develops into a baby/adult (Lanphier, 2015). In 2015, the Chinese were able to perform gene editing on a non viable embryo. This demonstrates that testing in human genetic engineering can proceed through the use of an embryo without impacting the life of a future child (which is the concern of the those for banning human genetic engineering).   From this research, the Chinese were able to determine that there were many unanticipated mutations and a low success rate of implanting the targeted DNA into the embryos (Loria 2015).  Ã‚   By performing the research on non viable embryos, the Chinese were able to uncover information that is more applicable to the effects that would be seen in a viable embryo (Puping, 2015).   Opponents of human genetic engineering often imply that testing conducted on embryos is unregulated. Currently, there are a number of regulations in place that protect embryos used in scientific testing. These regulations include prohibiting fetal stem cell research and embryos matured past 14 days (NCSL, 20 15). Both the government and scientific community understands the responsibility of testing on embryos and regulations exist to ensure that all methods of testing are ethical. Those who want to ban human genetic engineering often focus on the idea that human genetic engineering is playing God. As discussed in the article, The Case for Genetically Engineered Babies, this opinion portrays human engineering as a method to pick and choose traits that would build a super human or designer baby (Gyngell, 2015). Although genetic engineering has the capacity to redesign the human species, this does not mean that this application of genetic engineering must be done.   The use of genetic engineering can be regulated such that it inhibits altering genes with the ultimate purpose of enhancing a characteristic or trait. Human genetic engineering should only be used to eradicate a disease or improve the health of an individual.   By imposing such regulations, building designer babies would be prevented but the life saving ability of this technology could be used. Furthermore, the decision to ban the use of human genetic engineering is in of itself playing God. Individuals should have the right to weigh the risk of different treatments and ultimately decide what option is best.   Treatments affecting an individual should not be governed by the morals of others.   Human genetic engineering has the ability to allow for social sustainability. By curing individuals of diseases and allowing for these changes to be copied into future generations, all humans can potentially have the ability to meet their basic needs and improve their social situation. Not having the burden of medical expenses or the emotional toll of watching a loved one die, allows society to focus on needed developments in other areas such as government or cultural understanding.   Human engineering provides the human race an opportunity to i mprove social sustainability in a magnitude that has only existed in the imagination.

Resistances Role In The Rwandan Genocide - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1629 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Genocide Essay Did you like this example? Resistance’s Role in the Rwandan Genocide First sentence? â€Å"Exactly fifty years after the discovery of the Nazi death camps, the world witnessed genocide in Rwanda† (Hintjens 241). The Hutu majority carried out a systematic campaign; its goal was the complete extermination of the Tutsis. While the genocide ended before the last Tutsi survivors could be eliminated, their population still underwent â€Å"one of the highest casualty rates of any population in history from non-natural causes† (Hintjens 241). The killing was so widespread that â€Å"333 deaths occurred every hour (White 472). That means, on average, over 5 people were killed every minute, or one person every eleven seconds. And this went on for over three months. Even today, â€Å"there is still a sense of disbelief at the enormity of the killings† (Hintjens 276). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Resistances Role In The Rwandan Genocide" essay for you Create order While â€Å"it is impossible to determine the exact number of people that died, it is estimated that the genocide left â€Å"as many 1 million people dead in 100 days† (Hintjens 276). Before it is possible to discuss the role of resistance, it is important to first understand that what happened in Rwanda was indeed genocide. According to Dominic, Olaifa, â€Å"The word, genocide, was coined by a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959) in 1944 from the word geno meaning race and the Latin word cide meaning killing He formed this word to describe a coordinated plan of different actions aiming at the destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves† (34-35). This was the objective in Rwanda. The justification for beginning the genocide, or at least the event that sparked it was when â€Å"the plane carrying President Juvenal Habyarimana of Rwanda and President Cyprien Ntayamira of Burundi was shot down as it descended† (Dominic, Olaifa 36). So, a minor conflict, or at least something that would be a relatively minor event under ordinary circumstances, was used to justify the killings, and according to Dominic, Olaifa, â€Å"Genocide often uses minor conflict as a trigger† (36). Furthermore, â€Å"One of the common motives often exhibited by genocide perpetrators is to destroy a group perceived to be a threat to the ruling power† (Dominic, Olaifa 36). Because â€Å"All the Rwandans interviewed agreed on the fact that the Tutsis in exile had become a threat to the government of Juvenal Habyarimana,† (Dominic, Olaifa 36) it is apparent the Hutus in power determined that the Tutsis were a threat to their own power, and made it their goal to exterminate the Tutsi people. Although it is important to understand that genocide occurred, it is more important to attempt to determine how the genocide was able to happen, if anything helped minimize the carnage, and how the genocide came to an end; how else would it be possible to prevent future genocides? In Rwanda, although resistance to the Rwandan Genocide was minimal, nonviolent resistance mitigated the genocide and violent resistance ended the genocide. Resistance is the only way to prevent genocides from happening in the future. There is no easy way to determine what allowed the Hutu people to justify to themselves killing the Tutsis. In Hoex, Smeulers, though, they manage two identify ten distinct types of perpetrators: â€Å"(1) The criminal mastermind (defined as the supreme authority), (2) The fanatic (driven by hate and resentment), (3) The sadist (driven by a pleasure to induce pain), (4) The criminal (who was already involved in serious crime), (5), The professional (who has gone through extremely coercive military training in which he was trained to become a torturer or killer), (6) The devoted warrior (driven by a sincere belief in the ideology and the need to obey and conform to an authority), (7) The careerist (driven by careerism), (8) The profiteer (driven by pure self-interest or material gain), (9) The compromised perpetrator (driven by fear), (10) The conformist and follower (who follow the flow)† (435). All of these were present in Rwanda, but some were more prevalent. On the surface, it might seem like â€Å"(6) The devoted warrior† was the most common reason; perhaps it’s even comforting in a way to believe that. It’s easier to believe that the genocide happened because people thought that what they were doing was right because then it becomes possible to place distance between how a normal person thinks and how the killers thought. It’s easier to be confident in one’s ability to remain steadfast in one’s morals and ideology and hold the belief that â€Å"I would never become a devoted warrior, like the Hutus were† than to consider how you might behave if you were in the same, or a similar environment to the Hutu people when the genocide began in Rwanda. In reality, the most common reasons for killing were (8) greed, (9) fear, and (10) the herd mentality. One Hutu main,   â€Å"Some of my friends became killers. What made them change was greed. To get something from the killings. Their main motivation was gre ed† (Hoex, Smeulers 444). This idea is further supported by the assertion made in â€Å"Verwimp (2005), [that] greed was actually the most important motivating factor†¦. Normal Hutus who had no wealth went to the houses of rich Tutsis and killed the rich Tutsis† (Hoex, Smeulers 444). Fear was also a reason for killing: â€Å"There was always someone from the Interahamwe around. They came and said you have to kill or you will be killed. Many people were killed because they resisted or hesitated† (Hoex, Smeulers 442). Some killers were drawn to the strength they felt in large numbers: â€Å"It felt secure in the group, and that was a reason to join† (Hoex, Smeulers 444). There’s safety in a group, even comfort in a group. Even if the group is murdering massive numbers of people, those features of participating in a group still apply, and drove many people to kill. Fundamentally, the majority of the killers were driven by fear of what would happen if they refused to kill, the chance to become better off themselves by killing, or just the comfort in being part of a group. Of course, propaganda played also a role; â€Å"the RTLM,† a prominent radio station, â€Å"repeatedly referred to the Simusiga, or hurricane, portraying the genocide as a quasi-natural event which it was futile to resist† (Hintjens 267). This was part of an attempt to try to discourage resistance, and while it did. One Hutu man when interviewed, recounted, â€Å" ‘There was always someone from the Interahamwe around†¦ They came and said, â€Å"You have to kill or you will be killed.†Many people were killed because they resisted or hesitated’ † (Hoex, Smeulers 442). So, even hesitation to kill was enough of a reason to get killed yourself. This again creates conditions where its hard for the killers to even stop and think, to question their actions, and to think about if what they or doing is right. It was hard for the Tutsis to resist because it meant almost certain death, and it was hard for the Hutus to resist because they knew resisti ng will quite probably get them killed. Essentially, anyone who got caught resisting would often be tortured and then killed, which made it almost impossible for people to resist. Yet, people resisted. One Hutu man shared his powerful story: â€Å"I filled every hiding place with a person. Some were in the ceiling. Some were in the cupboards. Some were under the floor They demanded to come inside and search the property. I stood in the doorway and told them that they’d have to kill me first. ‘We’ll be back,’ they said. ‘And thanks for gathering the cockroaches into one place. Because it will be easier to kill them. I told the news to my wife, and we both agreed that we were ready to die. The next time the killers came, there were fifty of them. All of them had guns or machetes. They pushed straight past me and entered the pastor’s residence. They began pulling people out of the ceiling. They were kicking us and dragging us along the floor. I knew this was the end. I could see our death clearly. Some people were shivering and wailing and screaming for mercy. Others were completely silent. They’d already lost so ma ny loved ones and they were ready to die themselves. We were dragged to this very spot and put in three lines. We began to say our last prayers. I scanned the mob of killers for recognizable faces. Many of them were Christians. Some were even from my congregation. Every time I recognized a face, I called to him by name. I said: ‘When I die, I am going to heaven. Where will you go?’   Then I pointed to the next man, and asked him the same question. Then the next. Then the next.   Some of the killers grew nervous. They began to argue amongst themselves. Nobody wanted to be the first to kill. Soon they were threatening to shoot each other. And they began to leave, one by one, until all of them had run off. We didn’t lose a single person. After hiding out for three weeks, we were rescued by the Rwandan Patriotic Front.† Works Cited Dominic, Danjibo Nathaniel, and Olaifa Temitope Abimbola. â€Å"THE 1994 RWANDAN CONFLICT: GENOCIDE OR WAR?† International Journal on World Peace, vol. 30, no. 3, Sept. 2013, pp. 31–54. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24543759. Hintjens, Helen M. â€Å"Explaining the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda.† The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 37, no. 2, June 1999, pp. 241–286. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/161847. Hoex, Lotte, and Alette Smeulers. â€Å"Studying the Microdynamics of the Rwandan Genocide.† British Journal of Criminology, vol. 50, no. 3, May 2010, pp. 435–454. JSTOR,   www.jstor.org/stable/43612863. Jayawickreme, Eranda, and Paul Di Stefano. â€Å"How Can We Study Heroism? Integrating Persons, Situations and Communities.† Political Psychology, vol. 33, no. 1, Feb. 2012, pp. 165–178. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41407026. White, Kenneth R. â€Å"Scourge of Racism: Genocide in Rwanda.† Journal of Black Studies, vol. 39, no. 3, Jan. 2009, pp. 471–481. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40282573.

The Human Resource Administrative Procedures - 1595 Words

1. Analyze the human resource administrative procedures in your school district and make recommendations to improve present practices. Brimley and Garfield (2012) proclaim, the expanded role of human resources is the administration of personnel: the skill of leading and managing people. They also assert, human resource administrators typically focus on the following areas: recruitment, salaries, benefits, certification, and retirement. As a result, the human resource team are people experts (Brimley and Garfield, 2012). â€Å"Notwithstanding the importance of personnel duties, the role is broadened to include improving the ambiance of the profession,† claim Brimley and Garfield (2012, para. 1, p. 367). Brimley and Garfield also claim, a human†¦show more content†¦According to Katie Gardner (human resources director), the problem will become worse with Alaska’s looming fiscal crisis and the Tier III retirement system for new teachers (K. Gardner, personal commun ication, April 2, 2016). Additionally, the MSBSD has become more aggressive in recruiting practices for speech pathologists, occupational and physical therapists; Alaska is unable to produce these positions because the two state universities (UAF and UAA) do not offer the programs (K. Gardner, personal communication, April 2, 2016). In the past Alaska had a recruiting advantage due to substantially larger salaries, defined benefit retirement package (Tier I II), and a 20 year retirement timeline for teachers. Recently, all of those advantages vanished and human resource experts claim, they are having a difficult time competing with other states. Additionally, the pool of teachers is gradually decreasing (K. Gardner, personal communication, April 2, 2016). Although many people are drawn to Alaska for its scenery, mystique, and outdoor lifestyle, it is becoming harder to attract quality applicants to Alaska. Nonetheless, the state could consider incentivizing the recruitment of educators from the Lower 48. Thus, the state and department of education

Managing Complexity Compete Value Framework -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Managing Complexity Compete Value Framework? Answer: Introduction The competing value framework is one of the most influential and extensive model that has been used particularly to the organizational culture. In this week there was application of the competing values framework to this study (Cameron Quinn, 2011). In this week it was developing and communication a vision. As a manager in the organization there is need to vision statement which could speak to the employee, and at the same time encourage them to feel a part of the team. In this competency is in the second quadrant. In this quadrant the manager does not control the employees but rather inspire them. This leads to respect and commitment from the workers and it is crucial especially in improving the productivity and increasing the productivity of the organization. The relevant competency highlighted was innovator and the theory is goal setting that is based on the adaptability, growth and readiness for the manager (Tong Arvey, 2015). They are significant to the manager since they would be inspired and be able to effectively inspire other to the vision of the organization. I have discovered various things about myself in this week. I got some ability to craft vision and at the same try develop and communicate a vision. This has been portrayed from the project which we were undertaking I was able to guide the team members towards a focused objective to be able to do the project. Week 8 In this week reading on my take on the topic there was application of the competing value framework to the study on motivating self and others. As a manager one of the competencies is to motivate the employees which in turn affect the productivity positively. We are in the internal quadrant. In this quadrant the manager are responsible in combining the right combination of the motivational techniques along with rewards in order to satisfy the workers needs and encourage them to perform (Ancarani, Di Mauro Giammanco, 2009). The competency which is discussed is facilitator and mentor and the theory which we looked at was the expectancy theory. Based on this theory employees behaves in a given manner because they are motivated to select a given behavior due to what they expect the result of the behavior selected would be. As a manager this competency is important since they will identify the conditions for motivating the workers and works towards that. When the employees are rewarded based on the performance, they tend to behave in a certain way and they become more productive. I have learnt quite many things during this week topic in regards to motivation and this has made me understand myself better. As a leader I need to channel motivation towards accomplishing a given tasks. It could be within even the classroom set up, I need to motivate my fellow colleague in doing tasks and one way would be through motivating which could be intrinsic reward not necessarily extrinsic. This way I will become a better leader and help change others perspective to a positive manner. In this week it was on managing execution and driving for the results. There was application of the competing values framework to this study. In this study the objective is driving and implementing of the result to get things done (Billmeyer, 2006). The managers need to get done effectively and efficiently rather than just doing things within the organization. The quadrant that we are in is the external-control quadrant. The contemporary role of the managers falls in this quadrant. Their role consists of working productively, managing time and fostering a productive working environment. The competency look at is that coordinator and the theory is rational goal model. This competency makes a good manager because they are able to plan well and be able to manage the execution of various projects within organization (Quinn, Bright, Faerman, Thompson McGrath, 2014). They are able to execute their own time and consolidate their time to meet those tasks efficiently. I have discovered about myself that I need to develop this competency, since it would enable me manage my time well. Over sometime I have not been managing my time well in doing my tasks and this competency has shaped on my perspective of managing tasks effective and efficiently. This week study on championing and selling new ideas applied the competing values framework. It highlighted mainly on the substance and the style of communicating in regards to championing and selling ideas. The quadrant that is in this study is internal-control quadrant. This quadrant consists of building and maintaining a power base, presenting ideas along with negotiating of the agreement as well as commitment (Zohdi, 2017). The competency which we look at innovator and this is significant to a manager to a great deal. The manager needs to foster creative environment and create creative changes (Zohdi, 2017). The competency comprise of the framework which help in improving the quality of the manager communication and the ability to coach other employees in the organization. Based on the reading of the study I have discussed that am an innovator. I always foster on creating an environment and I sometimes offer a creative change. I always do things which could challenge me to see the blind spot and from this I tend to become creative. In this week study it is on negotiation and in this it has applied the competing values framework. Negotiation is not limited to any sessions and individual more often negotiate anytime. The quadrant is the external-flexible. The managers are responsible for facilitating participative decision making and at the same time making decisions in both personal and professional life (Kim, 2015). The competency that was looked at was being a broker or the facilitator. The competency could be helpful to the manager since they could use it to negotiating (Kim, 2015). They could exert some impact in the organization especially in knowing what individuals are ready to accept. The theory of focus is the human relations model where it is based on the cohesion and morale with emphasis on human resource particularly when negotiating. From this study I have discovered about myself that I have some negotiation skills. This has been exhibited in the classroom and outside classroom. For instance, when buying something I tend to use some negotiation skills to bargain a given item at a discounted price. This study has provided with comprehensive content which would enhance these skills. References Ancarani, A., Di Mauro, C., Giammanco, M. D. (2009). How are organisational climate models and patient satisfaction related? A competing value framework approach. Social science medicine, 69(12), 1813-1818. Billmeyer, R. (2006). Strategies to engage the mind of the learner: Creating strategic learners. ameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E. (2011). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. John Wiley Sons. Kim, K., Kim, J. (2015, August). A Role of Information Security Committee based on Competing Values Framework. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Electronic Commerce 2015 (p. 32). ACM. Tong, Y. K., Arvey, R. D. (2015). Managing complexity via the competing values framework. Journal of Management Development, 34(6), 653-673. Quinn, R. E., Bright, D., Faerman, S. R., Thompson, M. P., McGrath, M. R. (2014). Becoming a master manager: A competing values approach. John Wiley Sons Zohdi, T. I. (2017). An agent-based computational framework for simulation of competing hostile planet-wide populations. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 314, 513-526.